Read the reason and the facts about why world celebrates Christmas Day on 25th December of every year. Please go through the below article.
Christmas is celebrated to remember the birth of of Jesus Christ, who Christians believe is the Son of God.
The name 'Christmas' comes from the Mass of Christ (or Jesus). A Mass
service (which is sometimes called Communion or Eucharist) is where
Christians remember that Jesus died for us and then came back to life.
The 'Christ-Mass' service was the only one that was allowed to take
place after sunset (and before sunrise the next day), so people had it
at Midnight So we get the name Christ-Mass, shortened to Christmas.
Christmas is now celebrated by people around the world,
whether they are Christians or not. It's a time when family and friends
come together and remember the good things they have. People, and
especially children, also like Christmas as it's a time when you give and receive presents!
The Date of Christmas
No one knows the real birthday of Jesus! No date is given in the
Bible, so why do we celebrate it on the 25th December? The early
Christians certainly had many arguments as to when it should be
celebrated! Also, the birth of Jesus probably didn't happen in the year 1
but slightly earlier, somewhere between 2 BCE/BC and 7 BCE/BC, possibly
in 4 BCE/BC (there isn't a 0 - the years go from 1 BC/BCE to 1!).
The first recorded date of Christmas being celebrated on December
25th was in 336, during the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine (he
was the first Christian Roman Emperor). A few years later, Pope Julius I
officially declared that the birth of Jesus would be celebrated on the
25th December.
However, there are many different traditions and theories as to why Christmas is celebrated on December 25th.
A very early Christian tradition said that the day when Mary was told that she would have a very special baby,
Jesus (called the Annunciation) was on March 25th - and it's still
celebrated today on the 25th March. Nine months after the 25th March is
the 25th December! March 25th was also the day some early Christians
thought the world had been made, and also the day that Jesus died on
when he was an adult. The date of March 25th was chosen because people
had calculated that was the day on which Jesus died as an adult (the
14th of Nisan in the Jewish calendar) and they thought that Jesus was
born and had died on the same day of the year.
Some people also think that December 25th might have also been chosen
because the Winter Solstice and the ancient pagan Roman midwinter
festivals called 'Saturnalia' and 'Dies Natalis Solis Invicti' took
place in December around this date - so it was a time when people
already celebrated things.
The Winter Solstice is the day where there is the shortest time
between the sun rising and the sun setting. It happens on December 21st
or 22nd. To pagans this meant that the winter was over and spring was
coming and they had a festival to celebrate it and worshipped the sun
for winning over the darkness of winter. In Scandinavia, and some other
parts of northern Europe, the Winter Solstice is known as Yule and is
where we get Yule Logs from. In Eastern Europe the mid-winter festival is called Koleda.
The Roman Festival of Saturnalia took place between December 17th and
23rd and honoured the Roman god Saturn. Dies Natalis Solis Invicti
means 'birthday of the unconquered sun' and was held on December 25th
(when the Romans thought the Winter Solstice took place) and was the
'birthday' of the Pagan Sun god Mithra. In the pagan religion of
Mithraism, the holy day was Sunday and is where get that word from!
The Roman emperor Aurelian created 'Sol Invictus' in 274. But there
are records of early Christians connecting 14th Nisan to 25th March and
so the 25th December go back to around 200!
The Jewish festival of Lights, Hanukkah
starts on the 25th of Kislev (the month in the Jewish calendar that
occurs at about the same time as December). Hanukkah celebrates when the
Jewish people were able to re-dedicate and worship in their Temple, in
Jerusalem, again following many years of not being allowed to practice
their religion.
Jesus was a Jew, so this could be another reason that helped the
early Church choose December the 25th for the date of Christmas!
Christmas had also been celebrated by the early Church on January 6th, when they also celebrated the Epiphany (which means the revelation that Jesus was God's son) and the Baptism of Jesus. Now Epiphany mainly celebrates the visit of the Wise Men to the baby Jesus,
but back then it celebrated both things! Jesus's Baptism was originally
seen as more important than his birth, as this was when he started his
ministry. But soon people wanted a separate day to celebrate his birth.
Most of the world uses the 'Gregorian Calendar' implemented by Pope
Gregory XIII in 1582. Before that the 'Roman' or Julian Calendar was
used (named after Julius Caesar). The Gregorian calendar is more
accurate that the Roman calendar which had too many days in a year! When
the switch was made 10 days were lost, so that the day that followed
the 4th October 1582 was 15th October 1582. In the UK the change of
calendars was made in 1752. The day after 2nd September 1752 was 14th
September 1752.
Many Orthodox and Coptic Churches still use the Julian Calendar and
so celebrate Christmas on the 7th January (which is when December 25th
would have been on the Julian calendar). And the Armenian Apostolic
Church celebrates it on the 6th January! In some part of the UK, January
6th is still called 'Old Christmas' as this would have been the day
that Christmas would have celebrated on, if the calendar hadn't been
changed. Some people didn't want to use the new calendar as they thought
it 'cheated' them out of 11 days!
Christians believe that Jesus is the light of the world, so the early
Christians thought that this was the right time to celebrate the birth
of Jesus. They also took over some of the customs from the Winter
Solstice and gave them Christian meanings, like Holly, Mistletoe and even Christmas Carols!
St Augustine of Canterbury was the person who probably started the widespread celebration of Christmas in large parts of England
by introducing Christianity to the regions run by the Anglo-Saxons in
the 6th century (other Celtic parts of Britain were already Christian
but there aren't many documents about if or how they celebrated the
birth of Jesus). St Augustine of Canterbury was sent by Pope Gregory the
Great in Rome and that church used the Roman Calendar, so western
countries celebrate Christmas on the 25th December. Then people from
Britain and Western Europe took Christmas on the 25th December all over
the world!
So when was Jesus Born?
There's a strong and practical reason why Jesus might not have been
born in the winter, but in the spring or the autumn! It can get very
cold in the winter and it's unlikely that the shepherds would have been keeping sheep out on the hills (as those hills can get quite a lot of snow sometimes!).
During the spring (in March or April) there's a Jewish festival
called 'Passover'. This festival remembers when the Jews had escaped
from slavery in Egypt about 1500 years before Jesus was born. Lots of
lambs would have been needed during the Passover Festival, to be
sacrificed in the Temple in Jerusalem. Jews from all over the Roman
Empire traveled to Jerusalem for the Passover Festival, so it would have
been a good time for the Romans to take a census. Mary and Joseph went to Bethlehem for the census (Bethlehem is about six miles from Jerusalem).
In the autumn (in September or October) there's the Jewish festival
of 'Sukkot' or 'The Feast of Tabernacles'. It's the festival that's
mentioned the most times in the Bible! It is when Jewish people remember
that they depended on God for all they had after they had escaped from
Egypt and spent 40 years in the desert. It also celebrates the end of
the harvest. During the festival, Jews live outside in temporary
shelters (the word 'tabernacle' come from a latin word meaning 'booth'
or 'hut').
Many people who have studied the Bible, think that Sukkot would be a
likely time for the birth of Jesus as it might fit with the description
of there being 'no room in the inn'. It also would have been a good time
to take the Roman Census as many Jews went to Jerusalem for the
festival and they would have brought their own tents/shelters with them!
(It wouldn't have been practical for Joseph and Mary to carry their own
shelter as Mary was pregnant.)
The possibilities for the Star of Bethlehem seems to point either spring or autumn.
The possible dating of Jesus birth can also be taken from when
Zechariah (who was married to Mary's cousin Elizabeth) was on duty in
the Jewish Temple as a Priest and had an amazing experience. There
is an excellent article on the dating of Christmas based on the dates
of Zechariah's experience, on the blog of theologian, Ian Paul. With those dates, you get Jesus being born in September - which also fits with Sukkot!
The year that Jesus was born isn't known. The calendar system we have
now was created in the 6th Century by a monk called Dionysius Exiguus.
He was actually trying to create a better system for working out when
Easter should be celebrated, based on a new calendar with the birth of
Jesus being in the year 1. However, he made a mistake in his maths and
so got the possible year of Jesus's birth wrong!
Most scholars now think that Jesus was born between 2 BCE/BC and 7
BCE/BC, possibly in 4 BCE/BC. Before Dionysius's new calendars, years
were normally dated from the reigns of Roman Emperors. The new calendar
became more widely used from the 8th Century when the 'Venerable Bede of
Northumbria' used it in his 'new' history book! There is no year '0'.
Bede started dating things before the year 1 and used 1 BCE/BC as the
first year before 1. At that time in Europe, the number 0 didn't exist
in maths - it only arrived in Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries!
So whenever you celebrate Christmas, remember that you're celebrating
a real event that happened about 2000 years ago, that God sent his Son
into the world as a Christmas present for everyone!
As well as Christmas and the solstice, there are some other festivals that are held in late December. Hanukkah is celebrated by Jews; and the festival of Kwanzaa is celebrated by some Africans and African Americans takes place from December 26th to January 1st.
Content Owner: www.whychristmas.com
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